Impact of Emotions on Child Cognitive Processing

Impact of Emotions on Child Cognitive Processing Using research findings, critically discuss the impact emotions can have on children’s cognitive processing, social behaviour, and physical health. There are different impact emotions have on children’s cognitive processing, their social behaviour and how it affects children’s physical health. The critical discussion of this topic essay, will be centred on the events relating to children in grief for the passing of a parent, maltreated children, and also how parenting style can affect the emotional characteristics that are displayed by the children and from this angle relating it with two great influence on children cognitive psychologist. It is essential to recognise the factual significance of emotions before getting into the other impacts, emotions are part of everyday distinction, it is a complex feelings that range between happiness and sadness, which are also the feelings that follows most aspects of other emotional feelings (Barnes, 1995). But why must children’s emotion have any impact on their life’s and others? Why must it affect individual cognitive processing? Does it always have to affect positively or negatively on the self and others and are the emotions expressed acceptable? Piaget coined the stages of cognitive development on how children’s knowledge of the world grows and improves with age. According to Piaget, schema are in different categories of both sensory and physical activities, as children mature in age the developmental schema enables them to categorize and compare different items, this process improves over time, the outline has its strengths and limitations, it serves to devise how we remember. Through this process children can therefore change their thoughts into emotional feelings to their primary care provider. The scheme also enables sorting of items in the memory and through this process, we are then able to make decisions and hold natural processes on different environmental characteristics, although the schemata have its advantages but it is also determined by the quantity of information it can hold. It is obvious that Piaget considered environmental factors that sometimes changes how we recollect, in sight of this he came up with the adaptation-organization, which is the method that schema changes through when something happened in a child’s life. The stage of adaptation organisation is sensitive to ambiguity because he further complicated this stage by saying that children are not influenced by any external factors, but cognitive development is totally innate. Although Piaget’s theory had a great influence on modern developmental psychology, but to some extent it underestimated the full potential of children and what they are capable of doing. (Bee Boyd, 2010). Some emotions that are expressed strongly can be satisfactory depending on the circumstances for example, when a child loses a parent, the notions of loss naturally will cause an impingement on the child mental state, it sometimes have an impingement on their physical health and possibly affect how they socialize with other youngsters, but if this emotion are repressed it could manifest in different shapes, granting to the child bereavement case study conducted out by Worden (1996). There was a 6 years old girl who began to experience nightmares and high level of anxiety when her mother was diagnosed with cancer and even after the death of her mother the symptoms persisted, but her 3 years old brother and 13 years old sister did not experience such anxiety both before and after the death of their mother. In that respect are different views on when children gain the cognitive functions of grieve, according to Wolfenstein children develop the content to mourn or grieve from adolescence , while Bowlby suggested that children as young as 6months acquire the feelings as an adult. (Barnes, 1995). The case study shows individual differences in how the cognition reacts to different emotional issues and also support Bowlby’s suggestion that children as young as 6months acquire the feelings to grieve the same manner as an adult. (Parrott, 2001). Vygotsky’s theory is different from Piaget’s, Vygotsky refers to the cognitive process from social interaction aspect, according to him children learn from adult and other people that has a direct contact with them and through the relationship formed with other people they learn to experience how to socialize with other people. Through the guidance that children received from their parents they develop different skills and their zone of proximal development increases from the support and care received from their parents in order to acquire emotional stability, this is one major role out of many others, therefore the loss of that particular figure in a child’s developmental stage due to the sudden change of death will have its consequences on the child’s response in their cognitive development. Some strength of this theory is formed in the cognitive behavioural processes of a childs emotions and they are displayed through attention, retention, reproduction and motivation, he sees children talking to themselves has a way of learning to regulate both their emotions and behaviour and also it is a way of children developing problem solving skills. It is somehow hard to criticize this theory because it was not completed before Vygotsky died. (Bee Boyd, 2010). Male and female emotions operate with a different internal model, children mostly find it difficult to hide their emotions, for instance, when they are angry, they look miserable and through their facial expressions parent or the child’s caregiver can easily know that something is wrong and it is feasibly possible to describe what form of emotions that are displayed. But why can’t we always mask our emotions without other peoples awareness? Research findings has shown that the construction of emotions is universally and culturally similar, it is hard to separate emotions and cognition because the two processing influence each other, making it hard to isolate events of pure emotion and pure knowledge. Emotions alert individuals to be mindful of some very significant characteristics of the environment and provide directions for cognitive processing with the display of behaviour in certain ways that is conformed to the nature. (Lemerise Arsenio, 2000) On that point are some emotions related to shame and guilty conscience due to maltreatment from the health care provider, this feeling comes up due to distress to personal transgression. Guilty feelings in children could be affiliated with some specific behaviour this mostly is a shape of negative evaluation of emotional experience that are acquired from guilt, the individual will not realize that the problem is from themselves instead attention is primarily centred on what has taken place or what did not take place, it is severely important to look at the state of mind of a caregiver because it will deliver a substantial impact on the psychological evolution of the small fry. (Bee Boyd, 2010) The cognitive function of a child’s brain that deals with grieve is the Ego, it is the unconscious part that focus on the realness of the effect of a loss of a child’s parent. Kids as young as five years are vulnerable because they cannot fully understand the permanency of death, this is ascribable to the fact that their knowledge is not fully evolve in order to link up with the notions of loss (this statement contradicted what Bowlby suggested that children as young as six months can have the same impressions of heartache as an adult). (Worden, 1996) There are individual differences with the ability to understand other people’s emotion, the social development children and their social competence also have an impingement on their emotional knowledge of others. Children empathize with other people in different ways, it involves the consideration of their emotions and relating their feelings with other people’s emotional state, some children have very poor understanding of other people’s emotion, and perhaps the parental style of the caregiver might be accounted for the children’s lack of ability to understand other people’s emotion. (Bee Boyd, 2010). It is important for parents to create a positive impact in their children’s life, according to Samuelson (2012). The positive parental behaviours that are exhibited by the parents would be linked to the children’s attention and working memory and their inhibitory control this therefore means that the parental regulation of emotion would predict children’s executive functioning and there would be a better relationship and sympathy of other people’s emotion after controlling their own emotions. This construct is similar to Bandura’s theory with the Bobo doll experiment the main idea was to show how an aggressive behaviour can be modelled well by children, thus emotional behaviours that are exhibited by the parent of a child will be moulded by the small fry because of such children that is the normal style of behaviour, due to the children’s exposure to that type of emotions. So also some negative expressions of emotion that are exhibited by the parent can be disconcerting to the children, it frequently happens when children have been exposed to both positive and negative emotions in the same shape, this can thus prevent the child’s competency and developing problem solving skills. (Samuelson, Krueger, Wilson, 2012). It has been generally accepted that what determines social and emotional troubles in children are from some sort of temperament disturbance, according to Rutter and Caesar (1991). There are other underlying issues that contribute to behavioural difficulties, some of this behaviour are from language disorder, while others develop from different parenting style. It is important to point out that there is a general assumption that the beginning of problems in children are from their social and emotional development. Although parental attitudes and the distinctive preference for boys and girls emotions that are socially acceptable are deemed through the way children are responded to by their parents, which also would have a strong influence on their emotional behaviour, for example, if boys are taught to be tough and strong and encouraged that aggressive behaviours are masculine type of behaviour they will surely display more of such character and hide their emotions due to learned behav iour, while girls are taught to be gentle and calm so therefore girls are more flexible with how often they get emotional. Children learn through modelling they therefore will imitate the same learned behaviour displayed at home. (Ding Littleton, 2005) The research carried out by Berg-Nielsen et.al (2003). Revealed that there was a low parental involvement for boys in comparison to girls due to this lack of contact given to boys and lack of positive emotions displayed by their fathers when they are angry, by encouraging them to show their emotions and improve their self-awareness in order to enable them to be able to self-regulate their emotions. The reaction from the parent is otherwise due to the expectations from boys are different from girls thus there are riskier for boys to develop emotional behavioural disturbances. However, there are limitations to this research because it does not cut across different cultures. Nevertheless the environment that a child grows up will also have an impact on their emotional behaviour through the way they socially interact with others, for example parent that have a medical history of stress are always angry and depressed. This surely will affect the child’s growth in the appropriate wa y, there is a tendency for the child to develop an emotional imbalance, irritable temperament or mental health problems and possibly unable to regulate own behaviour, due to the type of attachment given to the child by the parents. (Ding Littleton, 2005). In conclusion, there are different theoretical approaches to emotion from the cognitive aspect of the social and behavioural aspect, there are some emotional display of behaviour that can be seen as acceptable, and for example when a child is grieving the loss of a parent. Across different cultures, children display similar emotions that suggests that a child’s cognitive processing have an impact on their emotions which are then exhibited in their behaviour, research findings have also shown that the environmental influences also have an effect on children, developmental stages, but the strongest influences are the type of parenting style, the type of attachment children received during childhood will determine how they deal with and regulate their emotions. And lastly children’s emotions also cause an impact on their health, for instance, if a child is constantly afraid it can lead to acute anxiety problems which mostly therefore becomes a mental health illness. References Barnes, P. (1995). Personal, Social and Emotional Development of children. Oxford: Blackwell. Bee, H., Boyd, D. (2010). The Developing Child (12th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. Berg-Nielsen, T. S., Vika, A., Dahl, A. A. (2003). When adolescents disagree with their mothers: CBCL-YSR discrepancies related to marternal depression and adolescent self-esteem. Journal of Child Care, Health and Development, (29), 207-13. Ding, S., Littleton, K. (2005). Childrens Personal and Social Development. Oxford: Blackwell. Lemerise, E. A., Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An Integrated Model of Emotion Processes and Cognition in Social Information Processing. Journal of Child Development, (71), 107-118. Parrott, W. G. (2001). Emotions in Social Psychology. Philadelphia: Psychology Press. Rutter, M., Casaer, T., (eds). (1991). Biological Risk Factors for Psycho-social Disorders. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Samuelson, K. W., Krueger, C. E., Wilson, C. (2012). Relationship Between Marternal Emotion Regulation, Parenting and Childrens Executive Functioning in Families Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, (17), 3532. doi:DOI: 10.1177/0886260512445385 Worden, J. W. (1996). Children in Grieve: When a Parent Dies. New York: Guilford.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 24

I knew I was going to live forever, but sometimes I had a hard time really understanding how long forever was. During that ride to the airport, however, I got a taste of what eternity might feel like. Maddie spent almost the entire time talking about Seth. In fact, I'm pretty sure the only time she didn't was when she stopped to check her watch and ponder whether we would make it on time. I knew we would make it on time because I would stop the car and carry her on my back before I'd risk her missing her flight and needing to ride back with me to the city. Once she'd decided we were still okay with time, it was back to Seth. Seth, Seth, Seth. I'm pretty sure there were only about three people in the world I wouldn't have suspected of fucking with me if they'd come telling a story like this. Unfortunately, Maddie was one of them. She was telling the truth. It was written all over her, and something in me – maybe the part that really understood how serious the fight between Seth and me had been – could feel it. After a while, my mind sort of went numb, and I stopped thinking about it all. I finally dropped her off at the airport and went home, barely aware of the traffic I once again had to fight my way through. When I got back to my apartment, I ate dinner and watched A Christmas Carol. A long, hot bath followed, and five shots of vodka finally put me down for the night. I slept on the couch because I couldn't bear to go in the room where an angel had fallen. Some Christmas Eve. Seth came over the next morning to take me to dinner at Terry and Andrea's. Uneasiness radiated around him, but he still smiled when he saw me. â€Å"You look great.† â€Å"Thanks.† I knew I did. I'd spent two hours getting ready, the last thirty minutes of which had been me simply standing in front of the mirror. I'd stood there, taking in every detail of my appearance. The clinging red dress. The curve of my neck under the glittering black choker. The way my golden-brown hair, worn sleek and smooth today, hung down my back. Gold eye shadow and black liner framed my eyes. My lips glowed under pale peach lip gloss. Even at five-four, my legs looked long and supple. My face, carved with high cheekbones and flawless skin, was beautiful. I was beautiful. Call it vanity or egotism, but it was true. I was so, so beautiful. More beautiful than Maddie. More beautiful than any mortal woman. Staring at that gorgeous reflection, I begged it to tell me that Seth would want me. He had to want me. How could he not? But I knew all the beauty in the world couldn't mask the pain in me. And after a couple more moments, Seth noticed too. His smile vanished. â€Å"How did you find out?† he asked. I dropped the coat I'd been holding. â€Å"How do you think? She told me. She couldn't wait to tell me.† He sighed and sat on the arm of my couch and stared into space. â€Å"That's it? You have nothing else to say?† I asked. â€Å"I'm sorry. God, I'm really sorry. I didn't mean for you to find out like this.† â€Å"Were you ever going to tell me?† â€Å"Yeah†¦of course.† His voice was so sweet and so gentle that it momentarily defused the anger that wanted to explode out of me. I stared at him, looking hard into those amber brown eyes. â€Å"She said†¦she said you didn't drink, but you did, right? That's what happened?† I sounded like I was Kendall's age and suspected I wore the pleading expression Yasmine had given Jerome. Seth's face stayed expressionless. â€Å"No, Thetis. I wasn't drunk. I didn't drink at all.† I sank down into the armchair opposite him. â€Å"Then†¦then†¦what happened?† It took a while for him to get the story out. I could see the two warring halves within him: the one that wanted to be open and the one that hated to tell me things I wouldn't like. â€Å"I was so upset after what happened with us. I was actually on the verge of calling that guy†¦what's his name? Niphon. I couldn't stand it – I wanted to fix things between us. But just before I did, I ran into Maddie. I was so†¦I don't know. Just confused. Distraught. She asked me to get food, and before I knew it, I'd accepted.† He raked a hand through his hair, neutral expression turning confused and frustrated. â€Å"And being with her†¦she was just so nice. Sweet. Easy to talk to. And after leaving things off physically with you, I'd been kind of†¦um†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Aroused? Horny? Lust-filled?† He grimaced. â€Å"Something like that. But, I don't know. There was more to it than just that.† The tape in my mind rewound. â€Å"Did you say you were going to call Niphon?† â€Å"Yeah. We'd talked at poker†¦and then he called me once. Said if I ever wanted†¦he could make me a deal. I thought it was crazy at the time, but after I left you that night†¦I don't know. It just made me wonder if maybe it was worth it to live the life I wanted and make it so you wouldn't have to worry so much.† â€Å"Maddie coming along was a blessing then,† I muttered. Christ. Seth had seriously considered selling his soul. I really needed to deal with Niphon. He hadn't listened to me when I'd told him to leave Seth alone. I wanted to rip the imp's throat out, but my revenge would have to wait. I took a deep breath. â€Å"Well,† I told Seth. â€Å"That's that. I can't say I like it†¦but, well†¦it's over.† He tilted his head curiously. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"This. This Maddie thing. You finally had a fling. We've always agreed you could, right? I mean, it's not fair for me to be the only one who gets some. Now we can move on.† A long silence fell. Aubrey jumped up beside me and rubbed her head against my arm. I ran a hand over her soft fur while I waited for Seth's response. â€Å"Georgina,† he said at last. â€Å"You know†¦I've told you†¦well. I don't really have flings.† My hand froze on Aubrey's back. â€Å"What are you saying?† â€Å"I†¦don't have flings.† â€Å"Are you saying you want to start something with her?† He looked miserable. â€Å"I don't know.† No. This wasn't happening. â€Å"What's this mean for us?† I asked. â€Å"I don't know.† The anger returned, and I leapt up, much to Aubrey's annoyance. â€Å"What do you know?† I demanded. â€Å"Do you even know why you did this?† â€Å"There were a lot of things going on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he said. â€Å"A lot of factors. It just happened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I put my hands on my hips and stalked toward him. â€Å"Did it? Did it really? Because I'm not so sure.† His distraught expression turned wary. â€Å"What's that mean?† â€Å"I think you were getting back at me for not giving in that night. I made you mad. I hurt you. So, you're trying to hurt me. Teach me a lesson.† â€Å"I – what? Are you insane? You think I'd do something like this to teach you a lesson? You think I would want to hurt you? Just because you refused sex?† â€Å"Why not?† I asked. â€Å"Guys always want sex from me. Why are you any different?† â€Å"Georgina,† he said incredulously. â€Å"You can't believe that. It's always been about more than sex. You have to know that. I've told you that over and over. I would never purposely hurt you. And yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And yet what?† He looked away from me and focused on the carpet. â€Å"I don't know that we can keep going on without me hurting you.† â€Å"Well, if you don't sleep with my friends – â€Å" â€Å"It doesn't even have to be that. There are so many things it could be. I could get hit by a car tomorrow or catch some disease. If you ever do crack some day and sleep with me, you'll hate yourself forever. And if I crack and sell my soul, that's going to upset you too. One way or another, you will get hurt. It's just a matter of when. I saw it that night in the kitchen – I saw your face when you were yelling at me. That's when I knew it was all true.† â€Å"I†¦I was upset,† I told him. â€Å"And, I mean†¦we knew this relationship wouldn't be easy. You were okay with all this in the beginning†¦the sex and everything else†¦.† â€Å"Things change,† he said bluntly. He met my eyes, and I again saw warring sides within him. â€Å"And back then, I thought I was the one who would get hurt, not you. I can handle it.† â€Å"Are you saying I can't?† â€Å"I'm saying I don't want to find out. And honestly, it's not even about sex either. We've got communication problems, time problems†¦I don't know. Hell, we have death problems. I don't really know if we should keep doing this.† It felt like Joel's death again, like all the energy was being sucked away from me. â€Å"How,† I demanded, â€Å"can you always lecture me about open communication and then dump this on me now? If you were feeling all this†¦you should have brought it up beforehand, not in some bluff break-up at the zero hour.† â€Å"I'm not entirely sure what that last part meant, but I'm not bluffing. And I've tried to talk to you about this. I tried the night you massaged me – you didn't want to hear it.† Seth took a deep breath. â€Å"Georgina†¦I really mean it. I don't think we should be together anymore.† I gaped. No, this wasn't right. This wasn't right at all. I'd expected a big fight, one we'd eventually get over, like always. I'd expected him to ask for forgiveness. I'd expected to set new boundaries in the relationship. I'd expected me to be the one to have the high ground and decide if we were going to continue this. I hadn't expected to be pleading. â€Å"No. No. Seth†¦we've just got to make it work. Look, I'll get over Maddie, okay? And if you want to sleep with other women†¦I mean, it is okay. I always said you could. It's just this first time†¦well, it's a shock, that's all.† He just continued to watch me quietly, and I found myself babbling on more and more. â€Å"But we can make it work. We always do. We'll find a way. You can't just go ahead and decide something like this on your own. There are two of us in this, you know.† â€Å"Yeah,† he said. â€Å"I do know. And I'm one of the two. And I want to split up.† â€Å"No,† I said frantically. â€Å"You don't want to. This is just some weird†¦I don't know. You don't mean it.† Seth's silence was more infuriating than if he'd shouted back at me. He just kept watching me, letting me talk. His expression had so much regret – but so much determination too. â€Å"You were the one who told me we could overcome anything,† I cried. â€Å"Why not this?† â€Å"Because it's too late.† â€Å"It can't be. If you do this†¦it's all for nothing†¦you'll have ended up hurting me. Me and Maddie both.† â€Å"It's a small hurt compared to what could really happen,† he said. â€Å"And as for Maddie†¦I don't plan on hurting her. I†¦I like her.† â€Å"But you love me.† â€Å"Yeah, I do. I probably always will. But maybe that's not enough. I have to move on. We can't do this. I think maybe†¦I don't know. I think something good could happen with me and Maddie. In some ways, she's like you, only – â€Å" Seth had started to slip into the rambling he sometimes did when nervous enough. He bit his lip now, as though he might summon the words back, and looked away. â€Å"Only what?† I asked. I could barely hear my own voice. He turned his gaze back to me, firm and unflinching. â€Å"Only†¦more human.† And that was it. All the anger and sorrow vanished. There was nothing in me. Nothing at all. I was empty. â€Å"Get out,† I said. He paled. Something in my voice and expression must have been truly terrifying. Tentatively, he extended a hand. â€Å"I never meant to hurt you. Thetis, I'm sorr – â€Å" â€Å"Don't ever call me that again,† I told him, stepping away. I didn't know how any of these words were coming out of my mouth. It was like someone else was controlling me. â€Å"Leave. Now.† He opened his mouth, and I thought all that resolve he'd just shown might crumble. In the end, it didn't. He left.

Essay on A Tommy Hilfiger Advertisement that Insults America

A Tommy Hilfiger Advertisement that Insults America There are a lot different types of sitcoms, and other types of advertising out there in this day in age. The one ad that fell upon my eyes, and pulled me enough its way to persuade me to write a paper on is a Tommy Hilfiger Advertisement. This advertisement is a true way to show how much advertisement has become demoralizing, and appealing to the eye. â€Å"They sell values, images, and concepts of success and worth, love, and sexuality, popularity and normalcy†. (Kilbourne, 178) Advertising has taken many different methods throughout history to attract people to its products. Advertisers use television, newspapers, magazines, and many other methods. It uses different types of†¦show more content†¦There is absolutely no connection between these two things, yet this company still tried to make one. At least that is what it seems like to me. I find this truly insulting. This highly cliquey, and expensive company is just trying to make their product more charming to the eye then it really is. Besides the obvious terrible connection they try to make to the American flag, they also seem to be trying to show us that only cool upper-class people own this fragrance. Or at least that is the kind of person you will be if you happen to use this fragrance. As you would notice everything is portrayed almost as perfect in the picture. The big fancy house in the background is eye alluring. All the people in the picture are good looking people of each gender that are all wearing clique Tommy Hilfiger clothes. So if I understand this right. If I buy this fragrance do I automatically become cool, and good-looking as this ad is portraying? It’s a scam! â€Å"Media images are so persuasive, they can easily become prototypes of style, class, or even profession.† (Brownmiller, 209) It’s a waist of money and time to even buy this product. Why don’t they use people that are less appealing to the eye, that can’t afford the most expensive clothes, a nd shoes? This is another method this company is trying to use. They are trying to advertise their â€Å"fresh† clothes with their fragrance. It’s too bad that they fail to mention how expensive their clothes are in this ad as well.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Nike Inc.9194 Words   |  37 Pagesincome rose 7% to $560 million from the same period last year. Nike said that worldwide future orders for its footwear and apparel, scheduled for delivery from March to July 2012, came to $9.4 billion - up 15% from the same period last year. In North America, Nike’s revenues surged by 17% to $2.15 billion, and in China, gained by 25% to $694 million. Revenues in Western Europe, which has been suffering from sluggish growth and a debt crisis, rose by 4% to $962 million, but these are expected to increaseRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesidentity relating to the same brand. Consider the problem of female consumers, accustomed to the Lux advertising, who encounter the firm s advertisements geared for the males. Or think of the potential confusion of a prestige-oriented shopper, accustomed to seeing Shopper’s Stop advertisements in fine fashion magazines, who one day sees a newspaper advertisement for a Shopper’s Stop discount outlet. The more numerous and diverse a brand s images are, the more difficult it is to coordinate them inRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagescent of global GDP growth in 2005, and their enormous populations and high levels of unmet need offered signiï ¬ cant long-term potential for pharmaceuticals. Many had strengthened patent protection and liberalised equity controls. Markets in Latin America had proved highly volatile, reï ¬â€šecting economic trends. Nevertheless they had large ECS8C_C02.qxd 22/10/2007 11:53 Page 614 614 THE GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY numbers of wealthy consumers who were able to afford branded drugsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

Laboratory Techniques Used For Forensic Anthropology

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Taylorism and Scientific Management - 1910 Words

For centuries, scholars, philosophers, and lay-persons alike have been concerned about the issue of management. This includes management of processes, people, things, events, and societies all with the focus of the basic motivations that drive individuals to become most productive. Of course, outside of Maslows Hierarchy, we know that compensation has historical been a great motivator, but in the modern age, there are more complex motivators that focus more on individual actualization. As long ago as Ancient Greece, philosopher Aristotle, in his Metaphysics, developed the thesis that reality is knowable through the senses and through reason. By rejecting mysticism, Aristotle became the father of the scientific method and established the intellectual foundation for the Renaissance and the Age of Reason. Eventually this spirit of scientific inquiry would form a basis for scientific management (Wren, 2005, p. 19) Particularly after feudalism evolved into modern capitalism, a number of social theories came about trying to explain the individuals place in society, how work actualized humanity, and in what manner integration and alienation contributed to societal growth. These paradigms combine reflexively into a notion of history through labor and economic theory. The nature of the Industrial Revolution changed the manner in which labor interacted with management and raw materials. A number of people began to think about labor, about efficiency, and about the manner in whichShow MoreRelatedA Scientific Management, Taylorism, And Management1405 Words   |  6 Pages F.W Taylor introduced a scientific management, Taylorism, in the early 20th century to solve the problem of inefficiency. 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The Golden Compass Chapter Eleven Free Essays

Chapter Eleven Armor When they returned to the ship, Farder Coram and John Faa and the other leaders spent a long time in conference in the saloon, and Lyra went to her cabin to consult the alethiome-ter. Within five minutes she knew exactly where the bear’s armor was, and why it would be difficult to get it back. She wondered whether to go to the saloon and tell John Faa and the others, but decided that they’d ask her if they wanted to know. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Compass Chapter Eleven or any similar topic only for you Order Now Perhaps they knew already. She lay on her bunk thinking of that savage mighty bear, and the careless way he drank his fiery spirit, and the loneliness of him in his dirty lean-to. How different it was to be human, with one’s daemon always there to talk to! In the silence of the still ship, without the continual creak of metal and timber or the rumble of the engine or the rush of water along the side, Lyra gradually fell asleep, with Pantalaimon on her pillow sleeping too. She was dreaming of her great imprisoned father when suddenly, for no reason at all, she woke up. She had no idea what time it was. There was a faint light in the cabin that she took for moonlight, and it showed her new cold-weather furs that lay stiffly in the corner of the cabin. No sooner did she see them than she longed to try them on again. Once they were on, she had to go out on deck, and a minute later she opened the door at the top of the compan-ionway and stepped out. At once she saw that something strange was happening in the sky. She thought it was clouds, moving and trembling under a nervous agitation, but Pantalaimon whispered: â€Å"The Aurora!† Her wonder was so strong that she had to clutch the rail to keep from falling. The sight filled the northern sky; the immensity of it was scarcely conceivable. As if from Heaven itself, great curtains of delicate light hung and trembled. Pale green and rose-pink, and as transparent as the most fragile fabric, and at the bottom edge a profound and fiery crimson like the fires of Hell, they swung and shimmered loosely with more grace than the most skillful dancer. Lyra thought she could even hear them: a vast distant whispering swish. In the evanescent delicacy she felt something as profound as she’d felt close to the bear. She was moved by it; it was so beautiful it was almost holy; she felt tears prick her eyes, and the tears splintered the light even further into prismatic rainbows. It wasn’t long before she found herself entering the same kind of trance as when she consulted the alethiometer. Perhaps, she thought calmly, whatever moves the alethiometer’s needle is making the Aurora glow too. It might even be Dust itself. She thought that without noticing that she’d thought it, and she soon forgot it, and only remembered it much later. And as she gazed, the image of a city seemed to form itself behind the veils and streams of translucent color: towers and domes, honey-colored temples and colonnades, broad boulevards and sunlit parkland. Looking at it gave her a sense of vertigo, as if she were looking not up but down, and across a gulf so wide that nothing could ever pass over it. It was a whole universe away. But something was moving across it, and as she tried to focus her eyes on the movement, she felt faint and dizzy, because the little thing moving wasn’t part of the Aurora or of the other universe behind it. It was in the sky over the roofs of the town. When she could see it clearly, she had come fully awake and the sky city was gone. The flying thing came closer and circled the ship on outspread wings. Then it glided down and landed with brisk sweeps of its powerful pinions, and came to a halt on the wooden deck a few yards from Lyra. In the Aurora’s light she saw a great bird, a beautiful gray goose whose head was crowned with a flash of pure white. And yet it wasn’t a bird: it was a daemon, though there was no one in sight but Lyra herself. The idea filled her with sickly fear. The bird said: â€Å"Where is Farder Coram?† And suddenly Lyra realized who it must be. This was the daemon of Serafina Pekkala, the clan queen, Farder Coram’s witch friend. She stammered to reply: â€Å"I – he’s – I’ll go and get him†¦.† She turned and scampered down the companionway to the cabin Farder Coram occupied, and opened the door to speak into the darkness: â€Å"Farder Coram! The witch’s daemon’s come! He’s waiting on the deck! He flew here all by hisself – I seen him coming in the sky – â€Å" The old man said, â€Å"Ask him to wait on the afterdeck, child.† The goose made his stately way to the stern of the ship, where he looked around, elegant and wild simultaneously, and a cause of fascinated terror to Lyra, who felt as though she were entertaining a ghost. Then Farder Coram came up, wrapped in his cold-weather gear, closely followed by John Faa. Both old men bowed respectfully, and their daemons also acknowledged the visitor. â€Å"Greetings,† said Farder Coram. â€Å"And I’m happy and proud to see you again, Kaisa. Now, would you like to come inside, or would you prefer to stay out here in the open?† â€Å"I would rather stay outside, thank you, Farder Coram. Are you warm enough for a while?† Witches and their daemons felt no cold, but they were aware that other humans did. Farder Coram assured him that they were well wrapped up, and said, â€Å"How is Serafina Pekkala?† â€Å"She sends her greetings to you, Farder Coram, and she is well and strong. Who are these two people?† Farder Coram introduced them both. The goose daemon looked hard at Lyra. â€Å"I have heard of this child,† he said. â€Å"She is talked about among witches. So you have come to make war?† â€Å"Not war, Kaisa. We are going to free the children taken from us. And I hope the witches will help.† â€Å"Not all of them will. Some clans are working with the Dust hunters.† â€Å"Is that what you call the Oblation Board?† â€Å"I don’t know what this board may be. They are Dust hunters. They came to our regions ten years ago with philosophical instruments. They paid us to allow them to set up stations in our lands, and they treated us with courtesy.† â€Å"What is this Dust?† â€Å"It comes from the sky. Some say it has always been there, some say it is newly falling. What is certain is that when people become aware of it, a great fear comes over them, and they’ll stop at nothing to discover what it is. But it is not of any concern to witches.† â€Å"And where are they now, these Dust hunters?† â€Å"Four days northeast of here, at a place called Bolvangar. Our clan made no agreement with them, and because of our longstanding obligation to you, Farder Coram, I have come to show you how to find these Dust hunters.† Farder Coram smiled, and John Faa clapped his great hands together in satisfaction. â€Å"Thank you kindly, sir,† he said to the goose. â€Å"But tell us this: do you know anything more about these Dust hunters? What do they do at this Bolvangar?† â€Å"They have put up buildings of metal and concrete, and some underground chambers. They burn coal spirit, which they bring in at great expense. We don’t know what they do, but there is an air of hatred and fear over the place and for miles around. Witches can see these things where other humans can’t. Animals keep away too. No birds fly there; lemmings and foxes have fled. Hence the name Bolvangar: the fields of evil. They don’t call it that. They call it ‘the station.’ But to everyone else it is Bolvangar.† â€Å"And how are they defended?† â€Å"They have a company of Northern Tartars armed with rifles. They are good soldiers, but they lack practice, because no one has ever attacked the settlement since it was built. Then there is a wire fence around the compound, which is filled with anbaric force. There may be other means of defense that we don’t know about, because as I say they have no interest for us.† Lyra was bursting to ask a question, and the goose dasmon knew it and looked at her as if giving permission. â€Å"Why do the witches talk about me?† she said. â€Å"Because of your father, and his knowledge of the other worlds,† the daemon replied. That surprised all three of them. Lyra looked at Farder Coram, who looked back in mild wonder, and at John Faa, whose expression was troubled. â€Å"Other worlds?† John Faa said. â€Å"Pardon me, sir, but what worlds would those be? Do you mean the stars?† â€Å"Indeed no.† â€Å"Perhaps the world of spirits?† said Farder Coram. â€Å"Nor that.† â€Å"Is it the city in the lights?† said Lyra. â€Å"It is, en’t it?† The goose turned his stately head toward her. His eyes were black, surrounded by a thin line of pure sky-blue, and their gaze was intense. â€Å"Yes,† he said. â€Å"Witches have known of the other worlds for thousands of years. You can see them sometimes in the Northern Lights. They aren’t part of this universe at all; even the furthest stars are part of this universe, but the lights show us a different universe entirely. Not further away, but interpenetrating with this one. Here, on this deck, millions of other universes exist, unaware of one another†¦.† He raised his wings and spread them wide before folding them again. â€Å"There,† he said, â€Å"I have just brushed ten million other worlds, and they knew nothing of it. We are as close as a heartbeat, but we can never touch or see or hear these other worlds except in the Northern Lights.† â€Å"And why there?† said Farder Coram. â€Å"Because the charged particles in the Aurora have the property of making the matter of this world thin, so that we can see through it for a brief time. Witches have always known this, but we seldom speak of it.† â€Å"My father believes in it,† Lyra said. â€Å"I know because I heard him talking and showing pictures of the Aurora.† â€Å"Is this anything to do with Dust?† said John Faa. â€Å"Who can say?† said the goose daemon. â€Å"All I can tell you is that the Dust hunters are as frightened of it as if it were deadly poison. That is why they imprisoned Lord Asriel.† â€Å"But why?† Lyra said. â€Å"They think he intends to use Dust in some way in order to make a bridge between this world and the world beyond the Aurora.† There was a lightness in Lyra’s head. She heard Farder Coram say, â€Å"And does he?† â€Å"Yes,† said the goose daemon. â€Å"They don’t believe he can, because they think he is mad to believe in the other worlds in the first place. But it is true: that is his intention. And he is so powerful a figure that they feared he would upset their own plans, so they made a pact with the armored bears to capture him and keep him imprisoned in the fortress of Svalbard, out of the way. Some say they helped the new bear king to gain his throne, as part of the bargain.† Lyra said, â€Å"Do the witches want him to make this bridge? Are they on his side or against him?† â€Å"That is a question with too complicated an answer. Firstly, the witches are not united. There are differences of opinion among us. Secondly, Lord Asriel’s bridge will have a bearing on a war being waged at the present between some witches and various other forces, some in the spirit world. Possession of the bridge, if it ever existed, would give a huge advantage to whoever held it. Thirdly, Serafina Pekkala’s clan – my clan – is not yet part of any alliance, though great pressure is being put on us to declare for one side or another. You see, these are questions of high politics, and not easily answered.† â€Å"What about the bears?† said Lyra. â€Å"Whose side are they on?† â€Å"On the side of anyone who pays them. They have no interest whatever in these questions; they have no daemons; they are unconcerned about human problems. At least, that is how bears used to be, but we have heard that their new king is intent on changing their old ways†¦.At any rate, the Dust hunters have paid them to imprison Lord Asriel, and they will hold him on Svalbard until the last drop of blood drains from the body of the last bear alive.† â€Å"But not all bears!† Lyra said. â€Å"There’s one who en’t on Svalbard at all. He’s an outcast bear, and he’s going to come with us.† The goose gave Lyra another of his piercing looks. This time she could feel his cold surprise. Farder Coram shifted uncomfortably, and said, â€Å"The fact is, Lyra, I don’t think he is. We heard he’s serving out a term as an indentured laborer; he en’t free, as we thought he might be, he’s under sentence. Till he’s discharged he won’t be free to come, armor or no armor; and he won’t never have that back, either.† â€Å"But he said they tricked him! They made him drunk and stole it away!† â€Å"We heard a different story,† said John Faa. â€Å"He’s a dangerous rogue, is what we heard.† â€Å"If – † Lyra was passionate; she could hardly speak for indignation. † – if the alethiometer says something, I know it’s true. And I asked it, and it said that he was telling the truth, they did trick him, and they’re telling lies and not him. I believe him, Lord Faa! Farder Coram – you saw him too, and you believe him, don’t you?† â€Å"I thought I did, child. I en’t so certain of things as you are.† â€Å"But what are they afraid of? Do they think he’s going to go round killing people as soon’s he gets his armor on? He could kill dozens of ’em now!† â€Å"He has done,† said John Faa. â€Å"Well, if not dozens, then some. When they first took his armor away, he went a rampaging round looking for it. He tore open the police house and the bank and I don’t know where else, and there’s at least two men who died. The only reason they didn’t shoot to kill him is because of his wondrous skill with metals; they wanted to use him like a laborer.† â€Å"Like a slave!† Lyra said hotly. â€Å"They hadn’t got the right!† â€Å"Be that as it may, they might have shot him for the killings he done, but they didn’t. And they bound him over to labor in the town’s interest until he’s paid off the damage and the blood money.† â€Å"John,† said Farder Coram, â€Å"I don’t know how you feel, but it’s my belief they’ll never let him have that armor back. The longer they keep him, the more angry he’ll be when he gets it.† â€Å"But if we get his armor back, he’ll come with us and never bother ’em again,† said Lyra. â€Å"I promise, Lord Faa.† â€Å"And how are we going to do that?† â€Å"I know where it is!† There was a silence, in which they all three became aware of the witch’s daemon and his fixed stare at Lyra. All three turned to him, and their own daemons too, who had until then affected the extreme politeness of keeping their eyes modestly away from this singular creature, here without his body. â€Å"You won’t be surprised,† said the goose, â€Å"to know that the alethiometer is one other reason the witches are interested in you, Lyra. Our consul told us about your visit this morning. I believe it was Dr. Lanselius who told you about the bear.† â€Å"Yes, it was,† said John Faa. â€Å"And she and Farder Coram went theirselves and talked to him. I daresay what Lyra says is true, but if we go breaking the law of these people we’ll only get involved in a quarrel with them, and what we ought to be doing is pushing on towards this Bolvangar, bear or no bear.† â€Å"Ah, but you en’t seen him, John,† said Farder Coram. â€Å"And I do believe Lyra. We could promise on his behalf, maybe. He might make all the difference.† â€Å"What do you think, sir?† said John Faa to the witch’s daemon. â€Å"We have few dealings with bears. Their desires are as strange to us as ours are to them. If this bear is an outcast, he might be less reliable than they are said to be. You must decide for yourselves.† â€Å"We will,† said John Faa firmly. â€Å"But now, sir, can you tell us how to get to Bolvangar from here?† The goose daemon began to explain. He spoke of valleys and hills, of the tree line and the tundra, of star sightings. Lyra listened awhile, and then lay back in the deck chair with Pantalaimon curled around her neck, and thought of the grand vision the goose daemon had brought with him. A bridge between two worlds†¦This was far more splendid than anything she could have hoped for! And only her great father could have conceived it. As soon as they had rescued the children, she would go to Svalbard with the bear and take Lord Asriel the alethiometer, and use it to help set him free; and they’d build the bridge together, and be the first across†¦. Sometime in the night John Faa must have carried Lyra to her bunk, because that was where she awoke. The dim sun was as high in the sky as it was going to get, only a hand’s breadth above the horizon, so it must be nearly noon, she thought. Soon, when they moved further north, there would be no sun at all. She dressed quickly and ran on deck to find nothing very much happening. All the stores had been unloaded, sledges and dog teams had been hired and were waiting to go; everything was ready and nothing was moving. Most of the gyp-tians were sitting in a smoke-filled cafe facing the water, eating spice cakes and drinking strong sweet coffee at the long wooden tables under the fizz and crackle of some ancient anbaric lights. â€Å"Where’s Lord Faa?† she said, sitting down with Tony Costa and his friends. â€Å"And Farder Coram? Are they getting the bear’s armor for him?† â€Å"They’re a talking to the sysselman. That’s their word for governor. You seen this bear, then, Lyra?† â€Å"Yeah!† she said, and explained all about him. As she talked, someone else pulled a chair up and joined the group at the table. â€Å"So you’ve spoken to old lorek?† he said. She looked at the newcomer with surprise. He was a tall, lean man with a thin black moustache and narrow blue eyes, and a perpetual expression of distant and sardonic amusement. She felt strongly about him at once, but she wasn’t sure whether it was liking she felt, or dislike. His daemon was a shabby hare as thin and tough-looking as he was. He held out his hand and she shook it warily. â€Å"Lee Scoresby,† he said. â€Å"The aeronaut!† she exclaimed. â€Å"Where’s your balloon? Can I go up in it?† â€Å"It’s packed away right now, miss. You must be the famous Lyra. How did you get on with lorek Byrnison?† â€Å"You know him?† â€Å"I fought beside him in the Tunguska campaign. Hell, I’ve known lorek for years. Bears are difficult critters no matter what, but he’s a problem, and no mistake. Say, are any of you gentlemen in the mood for a game of hazard?† A pack of cards had appeared from nowhere in his hand. He riffled them with a snapping noise. â€Å"Now I’ve heard of the card power of your people,† Lee Scoresby was saying, cutting and folding the cards over and over with one hand and fishing a cigar out of his breast pocket with the other, â€Å"and I thought you wouldn’t object to giving a simple Texan traveler the chance to joust with your skill and daring on the field of pasteboard combat. What do you say, gentlemen?† Gyptians prided themselves on their ability with cards, and several of the men looked interested and pulled their chairs up. While they were agreeing with Lee Scoresby what to play and for what stakes, his daemon flicked her ears at Pantalaimon, who understood and leaped to her side lightly as a squirrel. She was speaking for Lyra’s ears too, of course, and Lyra heard her say quietly, â€Å"Go straight to the bear and tell him direct. As soon as they know what’s going on, they’ll move his armor somewhere else.† Lyra got up, taking her spice cake with her, and no one noticed; Lee Scoresby was already dealing the cards, and every suspicious eye was on his hands. In the dull light, fading through an endless afternoon, she found her way to the sledge depot. It was something she knew she had to do, but she felt uneasy about it, and afraid, too. Outside the largest of the concrete sheds the great bear was working, and Lyra stood by the open gate to watch. lorek Byrnison was dismantling a gas-engined tractor that had crashed; the metal covering of the engine was twisted and buckled and one runner bent upward. The bear lifted the metal off as if it were cardboard, and turned it this way and that in his great hands, seeming to test it for some quality or other, before setting a rear paw on one corner and then bending the whole sheet in such a way that the dents sprang out and the shape was restored. Leaning it against the wall, he lifted the massive weight of the tractor with one paw and laid it on its side before bending to examine the crumpled runner. As he did so, he caught sight of Lyra. She felt a bolt of cold fear strike at her, because he was so massive and so alien. She was gazing through the chain-link fence about forty yards from him, and she thought how he could clear the distance in a bound or two and sweep the wire aside like a cobweb, and she almost turned and ran away; but Pantalaimon said, â€Å"Stop! Let me go and talk to him.† He was a tern, and before she could answer he’d flown off the fence and down to the icy ground beyond it. There was an open gate a little way along, and Lyra could have followed him, but she hung back uneasily. Pantalaimon looked at her, and then became a badger. She knew what he was doing. Daemons could move no more than a few yards from their humans, and if she stood by the fence and he remained a bird, he wouldn’t get near the bear; so he was going to pull. She felt angry and miserable. His badger claws dug into the earth and he walked forward. It was such a strange tormenting feeling when your daemon was pulling at the link between you; part physical pain deep in the chest, part intense sadness and love. And she knew it was the same for him. Everyone tested it when they were growing up: seeing how far they could pull apart, coming back with intense relief. He tugged a little harder. â€Å"Don’t, Pan!† But he didn’t stop. The bear watched, motionless. The pain in Lyra’s heart grew more and more unbearable, and a sob of longing rose in her throat. â€Å"Pan – â€Å" Then she was through the gate, scrambling over the icy mud toward him, and he turned into a wildcat and sprang up into her arms, and they were clinging together tightly with little shaky sounds of unhappiness coming from them both. â€Å"I thought you really would – â€Å" â€Å"No – â€Å" â€Å"I couldn’t believe how much it hurt – â€Å" And then she brushed the tears away angrily and sniffed hard. He nestled in her arms, and she knew she would rather die than let them be parted and face that sadness again; it would send her mad with grief and terror. If she died, they’d still be together, like the Scholars in the crypt at Jordan. Then girl and daemon looked up at the solitary bear. He had no daemon. He was alone, always alone. She felt such a stir of pity and gentleness for him that she almost reached out to touch his matted pelt, and only a sense of courtesy toward those cold ferocious eyes prevented her. â€Å"lorek Byrnison,† she said. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Lord Faa and Farder Coram have gone to try and get your armor for you.† He didn’t move or speak. It was clear what he thought of their chances. â€Å"I know where it is, though,† she said, â€Å"and if I told you, maybe you could get it by yourself, I don’t know.† â€Å"How do you know where it is?† â€Å"I got a symbol reader. I think I ought to tell you, lorek Byrnison, seeing as they tricked you out of it in the first place. I don’t think that’s right. They shouldn’t’ve done that. Lord Faa’s going to argue with the sysselman, but probably they won’t let you have it whatever he says. So if I tell you, will you come with us and help rescue the kids from Bolvangar?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She didn’t mean to be nosy, but she couldn’t help being curious. She said, â€Å"Why don’t you just make some more armor out of this metal here, lorek Byrnison?† â€Å"Because it’s worthless. Look,† he said, and, lifting the engine cover with one paw, he extended a claw on the other hand and ripped right through it like a can opener. â€Å"My armor is made of sky iron, made for me. A bear’s armor is his soul, just as your daemon is your soul. You might as well take him away† – indicating Pantalaimon – â€Å"and replace him with a doll full of sawdust. That is the difference. Now, where is my armor?† â€Å"Listen, you got to promise not to take vengeance. They done wrong taking it, but you just got to put up with that.† â€Å"All right. No vengeance afterwards. But no holding back as I take it, either. If they fight, they die.† â€Å"It’s hidden in the cellar of the priest’s house,† she told him. â€Å"He thinks there’s a spirit in it, and he’s been a trying to conjure it out. But that’s where it is.† He stood high up on his hind legs and looked west, so that the last of the sun colored his face a creamy brilliant yellow white amid the gloom. She could feel the power of the great creature coming off him like waves of heat. â€Å"I must work till sunset,† he said. â€Å"I gave my word this morning to the master here. I still owe a few minutes’ work.† â€Å"The sun’s set where I am,† she pointed out, because from her point of view it had vanished behind the rocky headland to the southwest. He dropped to all fours. â€Å"It’s true,† he said, with his face now in shadow like hers. â€Å"What’s your name, child?† â€Å"Lyra Belacqua.† â€Å"Then I owe you a debt, Lyra Belacqua,† he said. He turned and lurched away, padding so swiftly across the freezing ground that Lyra couldn’t keep up, even running. She did run, though, and Pantalaimon flew up as a seagull to watch where the bear went and called down to tell her where to follow. Iorek Byrnison bounded out of the depot and along the narrow street before turning into the main street of the town, past the courtyard of the sysselman’s residence where a flag hung in the still air and a sentry marched stiffly up and down, down the hill past the end of the street where the witch consul lived. The sentry by this time had realized what was happening, and was trying to gather his wits, but lorek Byrnison was already turning a corner near the harbor. People stopped to watch or scuttled out of his careering way. The sentry fired two shots in the air, and set off down the hill after the bear, spoiling the effect by skidding on the icy slope and only regaining his balance after seizing the nearest railings. Lyra was not far behind. As she passed the syssel-man’s house, she was aware of a number of figures coming out into the courtyard to see what was going on, and thought she saw Farder Coram among them; but then she was past, hurtling down the street toward the corner where the sentry was already turning to follow the bear. The priest’s house was older than most, and made of costly bricks. Three steps led up to the front door, which was now hanging in matchwood splinters, and from inside the house came screams and the crashing and tearing of more wood. The sentry hesitated outside, his rifle at the ready; but then as passers-by began to gather and people looked out of windows from across the street, he realized that he had to act, and fired a shot into the air before running in. A moment later, the whole house seemed to shake. Glass broke in three windows and a tile slid off the roof, and then a maidservant ran out, terrified, her clucking hen of a daemon flapping after her. Another shot came from inside the house, and then a full-throated roar made the servant scream. As if fired from a cannon, the priest himself came hurtling out, with his pelican daemon in a wild flutter of feathers and injured pride. Lyra heard orders shouted, and turned to see a squad of armed policemen hurrying around the corner, some with pistols and some with rifles, and not far behind them came John Faa and the stout, fussy figure of the sysselman. A rending, splintering sound made them all look back at the house. A window at ground level, obviously opening on a cellar, was being wrenched apart with a crash of glass and a screech of tearing wood. The sentry who’d followed lorek Byrnison into the house came running out and stood to face the cellar window, rifle at his shoulder; and then the window tore open completely, and out climbed lorek Byrnison, the bear in armor. Without it, he was formidable. With it, he was terrifying. It was rust-red, and crudely riveted together: great sheets and plates of dented discolored metal that scraped and screeched as they rode over one another. The helmet was pointed like his muzzle, with slits for eyes, and it left the lower part of his jaw bare for tearing and biting. The sentry fired several shots, and the policemen leveled their weapons too, but lorek Byrnison merely shook the bullets off like raindrops, and lunged forward in a screech and clang of metal before the sentry could escape, and knocked him to the ground. His daemon, a husky dog, darted at the bear’s throat, but lorek Byrnison took no more notice of him than he would of a fly, and dragging the sentry to him with one vast paw, he bent and enclosed his head in his jaws. Lyra could see exactly what would happen next: he’d crush the man’s skull like an egg, and there would follow a bloody fight, more deaths, and more delay; and they would never get free, with or without the bear. Without even thinking, she darted forward and put her hand on the one vulnerable spot in the bear’s armor, the gap that appeared between the helmet and the great plate over his shoulders when he bent his head, where she could see the yellow-white fur dimly between the rusty edges of metal. She dug her fingers in, and Pantalaimon instantly flew to the same spot and became a wildcat, crouched to defend her; but lorek Byrnison was still, and the riflemen held their fire. â€Å"lorek!† she said in a fierce undertone. â€Å"Listen! You owe me a debt, right. Well, now you can repay it. Do as I ask. Don’t fight these men. Just turn around and walk away with me. We want you, lorek, you can’t stay here. Just come down to the harbor with me and don’t even look back. Farder Coram and Lord Faa, let them do the talking, they’ll make it all right. Leave go this man and come away with me†¦.† The bear slowly opened his jaws. The sentry’s head, bleeding and wet and ash-pale, fell to the ground as he fainted, and his dsmon set about calming and gentling him as the bear stepped away beside Lyra. No one else moved. They watched the bear turn away from his victim at the bidding of the girl with the cat daemon, and then they shuffled aside to make room as lorek Byrnison padded heavily through the midst of them at Lyra’s side and made for the harbor. Her mind was all on him, and she didn’t see the confusion behind her, the fear and the anger that rose up safely when he was gone. She walked with him, and Pantalaimon padded ahead of them both as if to clear the way. When they reached the harbor, lorek Byrnison dipped his head and unfastened the helmet with a claw, letting it clang on the frozen ground. Gyptians came out of the cafe, having sensed that something was going on, and watched in the gleam of the anbaric lights on the ship’s deck as lorek Byrnison shrugged off the rest of his armor and left it in a heap on the quayside. Without a word to anyone he padded to the water and slipped into it without a ripple, and vanished. â€Å"What’s happened?† said Tony Costa, hearing the indignant voices from the streets above, as the townsfolk and the police made their way to the harbor. Lyra told him, as clearly as she could. â€Å"But where’s he gone now?† he said. â€Å"He en’t just left his armor on the ground? They’ll have it back, as soon’s they get here!† Lyra was afraid they might, too, for around the corner came the first policemen, and then more, and then the sysselman and the priest and twenty or thirty onlookers, with John Faa and Farder Coram trying to keep up. But when they saw the group on the quayside they stopped, for someone else had appeared. Sitting on the bear’s armor with one ankle resting on the opposite knee was the long-limbed form of Lee Scoresby, and in his hand was the longest pistol Lyra had ever seen, casually pointing at the ample stomach of the sysselman. â€Å"Seems to me you ain’t taken very good care of my friend’s armor,† he said conversationally. â€Å"Why, look at the rust! And I wouldn’t be surprised to find moths in it, too. Now you just stand where you are, still and easy, and don’t anybody move till the bear comes back with some lubrication. Or I guess you could all go home and read the newspaper. ‘S up to you.† â€Å"There he is!† said Tony, pointing to a ramp at the far end of the quay, where lorek Byrnison was emerging from the water, dragging something dark with him. Once he was up on the quayside he shook himself, sending great sheets of water flying in all directions, till his fur was standing up thickly again. Then he bent to take the black object in his teeth once more and dragged it along to where his armor lay. It was a dead seal. â€Å"lorek,† said the aeronaut, standing up lazily and keeping his pistol firmly fixed on the sysselman. â€Å"Howdy.† The bear looked up and growled briefly, before ripping the seal open with one claw. Lyra watched fascinated as he laid the skin out flat and tore off strips of blubber, which he then rubbed all over his armor, packing it carefully into the places where the plates moved over one another. â€Å"Are you with these people?† the bear said to Lee Scoresby as he worked. â€Å"Sure. I guess we’re both hired hands, lorek.† â€Å"Where’s your balloon?† said Lyra to the Texan. â€Å"Packed away in two sledges,† he said. â€Å"Here comes the boss.† John Faa and Farder Coram, together with the sysselman, came down the quay with four armed policemen. â€Å"Bear!† said the sysselman, in a high, harsh voice. â€Å"For now, you are allowed to depart in the company of these people. But let me tell you that if you appear within the town limits again, you will be treated mercilessly.† lorek Byrnison took not the slightest notice, but continued to rub the seal blubber all over his armor, the care and attention he was paying the task reminding Lyra of her own devotion to Pantalaimon. Just as the bear had said: the armor was his soul. The sysselman and the policemen withdrew, and slowly the other townspeople turned and drifted away, though a few remained to watch. John Faa put his hands to his mouth and called: â€Å"Gyptians!† They were all ready to move. They had been itching to get under way ever since they had disembarked; the sledges were packed, the dog teams were in their traces. John Faa said, â€Å"Time to move out, friends. We’re all assembled now, and the road lies open. Mr. Scoresby, you all a loaded?† â€Å"Ready to go, Lord Faa.† â€Å"And you, lorek Byrnison?† â€Å"When I am clad,† said the bear. He had finished oiling the armor. Not wanting to waste the seal meat, he lifted the carcass in his teeth and flipped it onto the back of Lee Scoresby’s larger sledge before donning the armor. It was astonishing to see how lightly he dealt with it: the sheets of metal were almost an inch thick in places, and yet he swung them round and into place as if they were silk robes. It took him less than a minute, and this time there was no harsh scream of rust. So in less than half an hour, the expedition was on its way northward. Under a sky peopled with millions of stars and a glaring moon, the sledges bumped and clattered over the ruts and stones until they reached clear snow at the edge of town. Then the sound changed to a quiet crunch of snow and creak of timber, and the dogs began to step out eagerly, and the motion became swift and smooth. Lyra, wrapped up so thickly in the back of Farder Coram’s sledge that only her eyes were exposed, whispered to Pantalaimon: â€Å"Can you see lorek?† â€Å"He’s padding along beside Lee Scoresby’s sledge,† the daemon replied, looking back in his ermine form as he clung to her wolverine-fur hood. Ahead of them, over the mountains to the north, the pale arcs and loops of the Northern Lights began to glow and tremble. Lyra saw through half-closed eyes, and felt a sleepy thrill of perfect happiness, to be speeding north under the Aurora. Pantalaimon struggled against her sleepiness, but it was too strong; he curled up as a mouse inside her hood. He could tell her when they woke, and it was probably a marten, or a dream, or some kind of harmless local spirit; but something was following the train of sledges, swinging lightly from branch to branch of the close-clustering pine trees, and it put him uneasily in mind of a monkey. How to cite The Golden Compass Chapter Eleven, Essay examples

Project on Cloud Computing Computer Systems

Question: Discuss about the Project on Cloud Computing for Computer Systems. Answer: 1. Definition of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is concerned with a process related to strong accessing method of data and programs over the internet instead of using conventional computer hard drive (Beloglazov et al. 2012). Cloud is nothing but just a Metaphor for internet. This aspect just brings the user to an era of flowcharts and presentations that would represent a giant server farm infrastructure related to internet (Dinh et al. 2013). Clouds are white puffy structure that accepts the connections and send out the information while floating. Figure 1: cloud computing model (Source: Beloglazov et al. 2012, pp- 760) Cloud computing is not related to the hard drive, when the data is stored or any program is being run on the system then the data and programs are stored in the system hard drive, this is called local storage of computing (Erl et al. 2013). Data accessing techniques become easy and within the range of users. There are mainly three cloud services that are mostly used by medium size business to large size business. These services are explained as follows: SaaS: Software as a service is almost similar as conventional software provision model. In this case the web browser usually provides a point of access to the software running on the servers. SaaS is popular cloud service for mainly consumers (Fernando et al. 2013). All of the customer relationship management applications such as sales force, software security related to productivity are operated very easily through the SaaS. Figure 2: IaaS, SaaS and PaaS (Source: Fernando et al. 2013, pp- 100) PaaS: PaaS is known as Platform as a Service. PaaS application is at a lower level in comparison with SaaS application in the competitive marketplace (Garg et al. 2013). In the contemporary time cloud computing is one of the trending and innovative concepts that minimized the struggle of human being (Herbst et al. 2013). The PaaS application provides platform independent service. This aspect makes the applications more compatible with respect to other cloud platforms. It can be operated on Windows, Linux or any other platforms. PasS is built on top with respect to the virtualization technology. IaaS: IaaS is the Infrastructure as a Service. This application is comprised of highly automated and scalable computer resources (Kliazovich et al. 2012). The provider of IaaS offers service to the cloud servers and their associated resources via API and dashboard. It is the most flexible model among all cloud services. Virtual data server is utilized for developing more effective application (Moreno-Vozmediano et al. 2013). The crucial uses of IaaS are deployment and development of PaaS, SaaS and web-scale applications. Benefits of Cloud Computing There are several benefits of the cloud computing technology, these are discussed as follows: Remote Access: Cloud service provides a remote access to all of the applications implemented by it (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). As the service is platform independent, all the applications provided by cloud services do not depends on the platform and can be remotely accessible. Time Efficient: The innovative and trending version of cloud services offers time efficient characteristics to the applications (Rong et al. 2013). The time efficient quality offers better productivity to the application users. Scaling factor: The cloud services are compatible with large scale and small scale of integration (Sanaei et al. 2014). In case of large scale data storage this service provides the proper storage space for the data so it has become more popular in the industry. 2. SaaS implementation for ABC Payroll The Software as a service provides data codes and definition based on software applications (Wang et al. 2012). The ABC payroll can implement SaaS application to operate their customer data properly. The data operated by ABC Payroll are the data related to payrolls, bookkeeping and payrolls (Xu 2012). The benefits and challenges may be faced by ABC Payroll with the implementation of SaaS application are discussed as follows: Benefits of the utilizations of SaaS provider for ABC Payroll Following are the benefits of SaaS within ABC Payroll. Besides cost effectiveness of the model there are other advantages: Time to deployment: SaaS software solutions can be implemented within just a few weeks rather than a few months (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). The time taken for application development will be reduced by 20 % through applying SaaS model (Beloglazov et al. 2012). The SaaS application can be utilized at any platform with platform independence property, this make it more time efficient. Less internal responsibility: The cloud service providers are responsible to maintain the upgrading system and software utilized for the system (Dinh et al. 2013). This system helps in customizing upgrades. The upgrade makes this system more innovative and attractive in front of the users. Scalable and fixable: Cloud technology is the most effective and flexible technology among all services (Erl et al. 2013). The customer only have to pay for single offering what they have selected for their use. The software becomes fully scalable when the company grows. SaaS offers more flexibility to increase integration of several software interfaces (Fernando et al. 2013). This system increases the sustainability of used applications those are selected by the organization with respect to SaaS. Platform independence makes the application more flexible and integrative in nature compared to other services. Accessibility: Cloud technology is such a technology that can be accessed at any condition and at any place with the help of internet connection (Garg et al. 2013). This aspect provides remote mobile access to the user. Sharing process of data and information becomes easier than ever before (Herbst et al. 2013). A remote and mobile facility provides the applications to be more compatible at critical situations. Resilience: The IT infrastructure and information is stored in CSP data centre. The authority of any organization can access their stored data at the time of any disasters within their organization. Challenges to the use of SaaS provider for ABC Payroll Although there is several numbers of benefits of the SaaS application there are few disadvantages of this application. Security concerns: One of the most effective inhibitors for the cloud services are access management and privacy of sensitive information (Kliazovich et al. 2012). According to the surveys this is fund that these aspects are getting diminished. Encryption and tokenization techniques are making this aspect a less important matter of concern. Compliance: There are many countries those have regulations related to storing of data with authorization or without authorization. Business process need to conform these regulations and should have to implement the SaaS model to get maximum benefits by using these regulations (Moreno-Vozmediano et al. 2013). Encryption and tokenization technique is providing a proper solution to these problems. Performance: A browser based application introduces many challenges while operating the company information remotely through internet (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). There may be some task that may be suited only on the SaaS platform but the security issue makes this information and data unsafe. 3. Difference between the migration and implementation process of IaaS in ABC Payrolls Following discussion is elaborating the difference between implementation and migration of IaaS techniques within ABC Payrolls. There are several aspects that can differentiate these facts. Figure 3: Factors affecting the implementation and migration of IaaS (Source: Rong et al. 2013, pp- 49) Factors Implementation of IaaS form the beginning Migration from current information system to IaaS cloud network Complexity According to those researches that are done on cloud services, it is found that, it is much easy to operate these applications. In this case only the cloud equipments have to be operated so it is less complex. According to those researches that are done on the contemporary applications of cloud services it is found that implementation of cloud services from the beginning of the organizational set up is very tough as the cloud and non- cloud based application both have to be operated and managed. Ability for meeting future demands In case of cloud applications, operation updates and up-gradation make these more effective in order to achieve the goals and objectives of ABC Payrolls. In addition to this the structure meets all the demands of cloud services, so the applications perform well on the competitive platform (Moreno-Vozmediano et al. 2013). Migration of the services mainly takes place so as to build compatible changes to the entire system of ABC Payrolls as the company wants a developed and sustainable system for their future scope (Garg et al. 2013). In addition to this, migration technique involves the changes into the system and structure of cloud that will introduce new facility to the system. Supporting applications There are three supporting applications for the contemporary cloud services: infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service (IaaS, SaaS and PaaS). Data, platform for application, operation, and structure of platform needs specific supporting applications to develop efficient system for mobile, microcomputers and mainframes. Scalability Scalability is high in this case of conventional data networks. Here the data has to be transferred to the cloud network (Xu 2012). In case of cloud data network, scalability is almost very high but after the transfer of network form conventional one to cloud service platform the scalability of data is reduced (Sanaei et al. 2014). This is only due to migration of networks. Reliability In this case both of the methods cloud and traditional method of ABC Payrolls are used at a time, so reliability is a bit higher than conventional cloud services. Therefore, this system comparatively provides better productivity and meets customer demands properly. In this case the system is not reliable in comparison with other network operators. This is due to security issues introduced into the system of cloud services. Performance Most of the business operations are dependent on cloud services, so that the performance of this system is not good (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). Therefore, cloud services are comparatively dominating the total industrial system. In this case the performance is very high than other services. This aspect happens due to the dependency of network on the cloud services. Suggestion for the best way to be implemented in the ABC Payrolls The study of cloud and non- cloud based system it is found that Migration from current information system to IaaS cloud network, will be beneficial for ABC Payrolls. This aspect introduces mainly three beneficial factors for ABC Payrolls: cost effectiveness of system, utilization of old equipments and involvement of loyal and trustworthy employees. Migration of the systems leads to the utilization of resources and technologies to maintain their goals and objectives. References Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J. and Buyya, R., 2012. Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing.Future generation computer systems,28(5), pp.755-768. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Erl, T., Puttini, R. and Mahmood, Z., 2013.Cloud computing: concepts, technology, architecture. Pearson Education. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Garg, S.K., Versteeg, S. and Buyya, R., 2013. A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), pp.1012-1023. Herbst, N.R., Kounev, S. and Reussner, R., 2013. Elasticity in cloud computing: What it is, and what it is not. InProceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 13)(pp. 23-27). Kliazovich, D., Bouvry, P. and Khan, S.U., 2012. GreenCloud: a packet-level simulator of energy-aware cloud computing data centers.The Journal of Supercomputing,62(3), pp.1263-1283. Moreno-Vozmediano, R., Montero, R.S. and Llorente, I.M., 2013. Key challenges in cloud computing: Enabling the future internet of services.IEEE Internet Computing,17(4), pp.18-25. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Rong, C., Nguyen, S.T. and Jaatun, M.G., 2013. Beyond lightning: A survey on security challenges in cloud computing.Computers Electrical Engineering,39(1), pp.47-54. Sanaei, Z., Abolfazli, S., Gani, A. and Buyya, R., 2014. Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: taxonomy and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), pp.369-392. Wang, C., Wang, Q., Ren, K., Cao, N. and Lou, W., 2012. Toward secure and dependable storage services in cloud computing.IEEE transactions on Services Computing,5(2), pp.220-232. Xu, X., 2012. From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing.Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing,28(1), pp.75-86. Zissis, D. and Lekkas, D., 2012. Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), pp.583-592.